The means to end this bondage is non-attachment. They are therefore the lower and upper branches of the tree of bondage respectively. It has roots below in the world of men in the form of karmas for by karmas done by atmas as men, they again become men, brutes and the like below they become devas above. This unique tree is nourished by vedic texts pointing out the means to various fruits, as a tree is nourished by its leaves. Its branches are below, as it ends with all men, brutes, worms, insects, and vegetables etcc that live on the earth. Its root is above, as it begins with the four faced being whose world is above the earth. To enable one to grasp the nature of bondage, it is compared with the peepul tree. As subsidiary to the main topic of the chapters, verses 1 to 15, state that the bound atma, the freed atma and the non-intelligent products of the matter are the vibhutis of the highest Atma.
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